E Terms in Land Surveying

E Terms in Land Surveying

E Terms

Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā  Ā E (Land Status Records)Ā  ā€“ East.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EC STATIONĀ Ā  ā€“ 1) Extended control station*. 2) Electronic control station.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EDMĀ  ā€“ Electronic Distance Measurement.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EDPĀ  ā€“ Electronic Data Processing.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EFF (Land Status Records)Ā  ā€“ Effective.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  E.G.Ā  ā€“ An abbreviation ofĀ  ā€œexampli gratia,ā€Ā  which means: For the sake of an example.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EHE (Land Status Records)Ā  ā€“ Enlarged homestead entry.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ELIM (Land Status Records)Ā  ā€“ Elimination.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ENLGMT (Land Status Records)Ā  ā€“ Enlargement.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EO (Land Status Records ) ā€“ Executive Order.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ES (Land Status Records)Ā  ā€“ Exchange survey.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ESLOĀ  ā€“ Eastern States Land Office. The Eastern States Land Office is in Silver Springs, Maryland. (Now designated
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  Eastern States Office, ESO).
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ESMT (Land Status Records)Ā  ā€“ Easement.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ET ALĀ  ā€“ An abbreviation of et alii,Ā  ā€œand others,ā€Ā  or et alius,Ā  ā€œand another.ā€
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ETC.Ā  ā€“ The common abbreviation forĀ  ā€œet cetera.ā€Ā  And others; and other things; and others of like character; and others
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  of like kind; and the rest; and so on; and so forth.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ET CON.Ā  ā€“ An abbreviation meaningĀ  ā€œand husband.ā€
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ET SEQ.Ā  ā€“ An abbreviation for et sequentes or et sequentia,Ā  ā€œand the following.ā€Ā  A reference toĀ  p. 3 et seq.ā€Ā Ā  means
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€œpage number 3 and the following pages.ā€Ā  It is also abbreviatedĀ  ā€œet sqq.,ā€Ā  in some works, when the reference is to
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  more than one following page.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ET UX.Ā  ā€“ An abbreviation for et uxor,Ā  ā€œand his wife.ā€
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EXCL (Land Status Records)Ā  ā€“ Excluding, excluded.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EXP (Land Status Records)Ā  ā€“ Expire(d).
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EX RELĀ  ā€“ (See word listing below).
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EXT (Land Status Records)Ā  ā€“ Extended, extension, extend.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EASEMENTĀ Ā Ā  ā€“ An interest or right in land owned by another that entitles its holder to a specific limited use; such as
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  laying a sewer, crossing over property or putting up power lines.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EGRESSĀ  ā€“ A right to go upon the land of another. Often used interchangeably with the wordĀ  ā€œaccess.ā€Ā Ā  See ACCESS,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  INGRESS, ENGRESS and REGRESS.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ELDER SURVEYĀ Ā Ā  ā€“ See SURVEY, ELDER.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ELECTRONIC CONTROL SURVEYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ A survey, using theodolites and electronic equipment, whereby a control
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  network is established and monumented to facilitate the placement of the rectangular survey grid. See
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT*.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ELLICOTTā€™S LINEĀ Ā  ā€“ The meridian northward from the point of beginning of the first United States cadastral survey
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ a point established on August 20, 1785 on the north bank of the Ohio River ā€“ was named for Andrew Ellicott, and
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  is known as Ellicottā€™s Line. It is also the Ohio-Pennsylvania boundary line.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  Florida as determined by the treaty dated Oct. 27, 1795. This boundary along the 31Ā  parallel of north latitude is
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  called Ellicottā€™s Line of Demarcation.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ELONGATED SECTIONĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ A section which exceeds 85 chains in either length or width as originally surveyed and
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  platted.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EMINENT DOMAINĀ Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ The right of governmental agencies to take private property for public use.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ENABLING ACTĀ Ā  ā€“ In reference to admission of new States into the Union, it is an act passed by Congress
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  empowering the people of a territory to frame a constitution and lay down certain requirements that must be met
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  prerequisite to statehood.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ENCROACHMENTĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ An unlawful and adverse intrusion within the boundary of a property, such as cultivation of the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  soil, enclosure by fence, the construction of an improvement, extension of a tunnel, underground operation or
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  comparable act.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ENCUMBRANCEĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ Any right to or interest in land which makes it subject to a charge or liability. Encumbrances
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  include mortgages, judgment liens, attachments, leases, deed restrictions, unpaid taxes, inchoate rights of dower and
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  so forth. See INCHOATE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  END LINEĀ  ā€“ In mining law, the end lines of a claim, as platted or laid down on the ground, are those which mark its
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  boundaries on the shorter dimension, where it crosses the vein. If the claim as a whole crosses the vein, instead of
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  following its course, the end lines are still the boundaries of the shorter dimension, even though they are along the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  course of the vein. See SIDE LINE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ENLARGED HOMESTEAD ENTRYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ A homestead entry, not exceeding 320 acres, initiated under the act of Feb.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  19, 1909 (35 Stat. 639), or the act of June 17, 1910 (36 stat. 531, 43 U.S.C. sec. 218), which provide for the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  homesteading of nonirrigable agricultural lands in the West..
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ENTRYĀ Ā  ā€“ An application to acquire title to public lands. See ORIGINAL ENTRY, FINAL ENTRY, CASH ENTRY,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  and COMMUTED HOMESTEAD ENTRY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ENTRY ALLOWEDĀ Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ An application to acquire title to public lands which has been approved, either as an original
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  entry or a final entry. See ORIGINAL ENTRY and FINAL ENTRY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ENTRYMANĀ Ā Ā  ā€“ One who makes an entry of land under the public land laws of the United States.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ENTRY UNPERFECTEDĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ An original entry which has been allowed, but under which the entryman has not met all
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  the requirements of the law and/or regulations to permit him to make final entry for patent to the land. See FINAL
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ENTRY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EPHEMERISĀ Ā Ā  ā€“ Any tabular statement of the assigned places of a celestial body for regular intervals. The current
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  Ephemeris of the Sun, Polaris and Other Selected Stars with Companion Data and Tables, which has been published
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  annually in advance since 1910 as a supplement to the various Manuals of Surveying Instructions, is available
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  through the U.S. Government Printing Office in Washington, D.C.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EQUATIONĀ Ā  ā€“ The relationship between two stationing values for the same point in route surveying such as 123 + 45.6
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  back = 124 + 00 ahead.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EQUITABLEĀ Ā  ā€“ 1) Just; conformable to the principles of right and justice. Just, fair and right in consideration of the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  facts and circumstances of an individual case. 2) Existing, available or sustainable only in equity or by the rules and
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  principles of equity. See EQUITY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EQUITYĀ  ā€“ A system of law originating in the English chancery and comprising a settled and formal body of legal and
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  procedural rules and doctrines that supplement, aid or override common and statute law. Rules of equity are
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  designed to protect rights and enforce duties as created and defined by law. In another legal meaning,Ā  ā€œequityā€Ā  is the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  remaining interest belonging to one who has pledged or mortgaged his property, or the surplus of value which may
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  remain after the property has been sold to satisfy liens. The amount of value of a property above the total liens or
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  charges. See COURTS OF EQUITY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EROSIONĀ Ā  ā€“ In riparian law, the washing away of land by the sea or a riverā€™s flow. Usually considered as an
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  imperceptible action, the rate of erosion may be quite rapid in total effect and may be distinguished from avulsion by
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  the absence of identifiable upland between former and new channels. See RIPARIAN LAW.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ERRONEOUS LOCATIONĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ Where it is evident that lands have been occupied in good faith but boundaries as
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  occupied are clearly in disagreement with the demonstrated position of the legal subdivision called for in the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  description, it is regarded as a case ofĀ  ā€œerroneous location.ā€Ā  See AMENDED ENTRY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ERRONEOUSLY OMITTED AREASĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ See OMITTED LANDS.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ERRONEOUS MEANDERSĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ Error or mistake in position rather than in procedure. See MEANDERS.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ESCHEATĀ Ā  ā€“ In English feudal law, the reversion of lands to the lord of the fee in consequence of a want of an
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  individual competent to inherit. In modern law, the State is deemed to occupy the place and hold the rights of the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  feudal lord. Real property may be claimed by the State where there is no will and/or no competent inheritors can be
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  found. Also termedĀ  ā€œescheated propertyā€Ā  orĀ  ā€œescheatage.ā€Ā  See INTESTATE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ESCROWĀ Ā  ā€“ The state or condition of a deed which is conditionally held by a third person, or the possession and
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  retention of a deed by a third person pending performance of a condition. While in the possession of the third
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  person, and subject to condition, it is called anĀ  ā€œescrow.ā€
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ESTATEĀ  ā€“ The interest which anyone has in lands or in any other property.Ā  ā€œEstate:Ā  is used in conveyances in
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  connection with the wordsĀ  ā€œright,ā€ ā€œtitleā€Ā  andĀ  ā€œinterest.ā€Ā  It is, in a great degree, synonymous with all of them. See
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  CONVEYANCE, REAL ESTATE, PROPERTY, REAL PROPERTY and PERSONAL PROPERTY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ESTOPPELĀ Ā  ā€“ The stopping of a person from asserting a claim by reason of his own previous representations which
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  refute his new claim. The new claim may in fact be true, however, he may be prevented from exerting that claim by
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€œestoppel.ā€Ā  See RES JUDICATA.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EVIDENCEĀ Ā  ā€“ Testimony, physical objects, marks, traces of former objects or relationship between any of these which
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  may furnish proof or part of a proof of a corner location or line location. See COLLATERAL EVIDENCE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EVIDENCING OF TITLEĀ Ā Ā  ā€“ The submission of proof of title to a tract of land as shown by an abstract of the recorded
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  patent and deeds of transfer, inheritance, court decree, or other means of establishing the title.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EXCEPTIONĀ Ā  ā€“ In deeds or conveyances, a clause used by the grantor to retain some part of the former estate by
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  excluding it from the deed or grant.Ā  ā€œExceptā€Ā  meansĀ  ā€œnot including.ā€
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EXCHANGEĀ Ā Ā  ā€“ A transaction whereby the Federal Government receives land in exchange for other land and/or timber.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  See PRIVATE EXCHANGE, STATE EXCHANGE and TAYLOR ACT EXCHANGE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EXCHANGE SURVEYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ A Cadastral Survey of lands to be exchanged.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EXISTENT CORNERĀ Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ A corner whose position can be identified by verifying the evidence of the monument, or its
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  accessories, by reference to the description that is contained in the field notes, or where the point can be located by
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  an acceptable supplemental survey record, some physical evidence or testimony.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EX OFFICIOĀ  ā€“ From office; powers exercised by an official not specifically conferred on him but necessarily implied
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  in his office.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EXPERT WITNESSĀ Ā Ā  ā€“ A witness is a person who testifies as to what he has observed by sight, sound etc. AnĀ  ā€œexpert
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  witnessā€Ā  may testify additionally as to matters of opinion on subjects within fields for which he is qualified. Thus, a
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  cadastral surveyor may interpret the meanings of the symbols, letters and numbers on a plat but he may say nothing
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  to add to or subtract from the official record, which speaks for itself by definition. See EVIDENCE, TESTIMONY,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  QUALIFIED (as a witness).
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EX RELĀ  ā€“ Ex Relatione; Upon relation or information. Legal proceedings which are instituted by the Attorney General
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  (or other proper person) in the name and behalf of the State, but on the information and at the instigation of an
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  individual who has a private interest in the matter, are said to be takenĀ  ā€œon the relationā€Ā  (ex relatione) of such
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  person, who is called theĀ  ā€œrelator.ā€Ā  Such cause is usually entitled thus:Ā  ā€œState ex rel. Doe v. Roe.ā€
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EXTENSION SURVEYĀ Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ Executed to add to an existing survey. AnĀ  ā€œextension surveyā€Ā  does not, however, complete
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  a survey of boundaries of townships or sections or the subdivision of a township or a section, it only adds to an
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  existing partial survey. See COMPLETION SURVEY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EXTINGUISHMENTĀ Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ To render legally nonexistent; to destroy or render void; to nullify; to void, as by payment,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  treaty, setoff, or limitation of actions, merger of an interest in a great one, etc. Extinguishment is distinguished from
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  the mere transfer, passing, or suspension of a right or obligation.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  EXTRALATERAL RIGHTSĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā  ā€“ In mining, the right to mine ore downward along a lode or vein beyond the side lines
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  of a mining location (claim). The right is limited to claims which contain the apex of the vein at or very near the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  surface, which are oriented with the lode line substantially along the vein and which have the end lines substantially
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  parallel. The right does not extend beyond planes passing vertically through the end lines. Extralateral rights of
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  claims filed before May 10, 1872, were determined according to the previous law of 1866 and by minerā€™s local rules
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  and they were not dependent upon parallel end lines. Various States have modified the Federal requirements. See
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā  INTRALIMITAL RIGHTS.

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