Land Surveyor Forum

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  Billy Brooks May 15, 2016 at 4:14am

  Hello Raymond, I have never used this term in a traverse, although it may exist.A included angle is one that is included .Excluded means not to be apart of or not to be included.In a Triangle side ,angle side.it is said that you have a side, a angle and a side or two sides and a included angle.If this is in reference to the exterior angles on a triangle or a polygon then the exterior angles are equal to the sum of the opposite interior angles.If the equivalent angles are taken at each vertex the exterior angles always adds up to 360 degrees.This is true in both.But i have not defined "Excluded Angles ".  There is also in question of the back site Azimuth ,some Reference the back site Azimuth coming toward the occupied point,some the opposite going away from the occupied point.There are programs that use either one. The fore site is always being plunged forward. This can also be reference as  back tangent ( B T ) and forward tangent ( F T ), F Tangent is used in some curve programs to calculate points on a curve.There is also the question are you using  0 degrees as in the gun is set at zero or is a Azimuth of the line set in the instrument.This is not true Azimuth only using a Azimuth instead of zeroing the gun.True azimuth must be known on the line before this is true Azimuth surveying.To answer your ? a lot needs to be known. But still you are dealing with either Bearings or Azimuth and Angles  I have seen this term used in the SSA triangle but that's the ASS Theorem and i have seen it mention on Traverse discussion but it was not defined there. But here are you so things to look at.

  451-102 Introduction to Surveying (BPD)

  yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~hmali/notlar/.../CLOSED_TRAVERSE.pps

  At each point : Measure foresight azimuth; Meaure backsight azimuth; Calculate internal angle (back-fore). For example, at B : Azimuth to C = 56^o; Azimuth to A
  

  http://www.mathopenref.com/triangleextangle.html

  http://www.mathopenref.com/triangleextangletheorem.html

  http://www.mathopenref.com/polygonexteriorangles.html

  http://www.mathopenref.com/polygonconvex.html

  included.in