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C Terms
Ā
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CA (Land Status Records)Ā ā Communitization Agreement.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CAĀ ā California.CAD (Land Status Records)Ā ā Cadastral.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CALIF.Ā ā California. Ā SeeĀ California Land Surveyors
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CANC (Land Status Records)Ā ā Cancellation, Cancelled.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CBWR (Land Status Records)Ā ā Coos Bay Wagon Road.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CC (Land Status Records)Ā ā Cash certificate.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CCĀ ā Closing Corner.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CDI (Land Status Records)Ā ā Control Document Index.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CDS (Land Status Records)Ā ā Coal declaratory statement.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CE (Land Status Records)Ā ā Cash entry.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CERT (Land Status Records)Ā ā Certificate.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CFR (Land Status Records)Ā - Code of Federal Regulations.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā C & GSĀ ā (United States) Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CH, CHS (Land Status Records)Ā ā Chain, Chains.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHE (Land Status Records)Ā ā Commuted homestead entry.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHG (Land Status Records)Ā ā Change.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHIC MER (Land Status Records)Ā ā Chickasaw Meridian.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHOC MER (Land Status Records)Ā ā Choctaw Meridian.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CIM MER (Land Status Records)Ā ā Cimarron Meridian.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CIRC (Land Status Records)Ā ā Circular.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā C/L (Land Status Records)Ā ā Commissioner of Lands.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CL (Land Status Records)Ā ā Classification.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CO (Land Status Records)Ā ā Company.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COĀ ā Colorado, Colo.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā C of E (Land Status Records)Ā ā Corp of Engineers.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COLO.Ā ā Colorado.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COMM P (Land Status Records)Ā ā Community Pit.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COMM S (Land Status Records)Ā ā Communication Site.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONDEMN (Land Status Records)Ā ā Condemnation.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORP (Land Status Records)Ā ā Corporation.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CPG (Land Status Records)Ā ā Campground.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CRE (Land Status Records)Ā ā Credit entry.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CR MER (Land Status Records)Ā ā Copper River Meridian.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CR PER (Land Status Records)Ā ā Crossing Permit.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā C/T (Land Status Records)Ā ā Color of Title.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CTĀ ā Connecticut.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CUR PAT (Land Status Records)Ā ā Curative patent.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CWSĀ ā Community watershed.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CADASTRAL ENGINEERĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A former title of a Cadastral Surveyor or Land Surveyor in the Bureau of Land
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Management and the General Land Office.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CADASTRAL ENGINEERING STAFF OFFICERĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Former title of the Chief, Division of Cadastral Surveys.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CADASTRAL SURVEYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A survey which creates, marks, defines, retraces or reestablishes the boundaries and
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā subdivisions of the public land of the United States.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CADASTRAL SURVEY APPROVAL AUTHORITYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Prior to becoming an official cadastral survey the field notes
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā must be approved and the plat, field notes and survey must be accepted on behalf of the Director of the Bureau of
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Land Management by the officer to whom he has delegated this responsibility. See OFFICIAL CADASTRAL
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā SURVEY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CADASTRAL SURVEY AUTHORITYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The authority derived from the statutory directive (43 U.S.C. 2) thatĀ āThe
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Secretary of the Interior or such officer as he may designate shall perform all executive duties appertaining to the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā surveying ā¦ of the public lands.āĀ Other statutory declarations affecting the cadastral survey program are: 25 U.S.C.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 29 and 30; 43 U.S.C. 52-60, 751-775 and 1364.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CALLĀ ā A reference to, or statement of, an object, course, distance or other matter of description in a survey or grant
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā requiring or calling for a corresponding object, or other matter of description, on the land. See PASSING CALLS.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CANAL GRANTĀ Ā Ā ā A grant made to a State to aid in the construction of canals.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CANCELLATIONĀ Ā Ā Ā ā The annulment of a former accepted survey. This action may be taken only by the Director of the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Bureau of Land Management. It requires ample justification such as the showing of gross irregularities. The
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā unreasonable distortion of section boundaries in both length and direction and/or lines which are shown on the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā record without ever having existed in fact may be deemed justification for cancellation. This action applies to the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā public land, and has no bearing on the identification of the alienated subdivisions described in terms of the prior
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā survey.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CANCELLATION (Lands)Ā Ā Ā ā An abrogation of a right in the public lands because of noncompliance with the public
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā land laws or because of expiration of time limits. See ABROGATE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CARDINALĀ Ā ā The cardinal directions; north, south, east and west.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CAREY ACTSĀ Ā ā The acts of August 18, 1894 (28 Stat. 372), and March 15, 1910 (36 Stat. 237, 43 U.S.C. sec. 643),
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā which provide for grants of desert lands to States for disposition to bona fide settlers.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CASH CERTIFICATEĀ Ā Ā ā A final certificate issued in connection with a cash entry.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CASH ENTRYĀ Ā Ā ā An entry that covered public lands for which the entryman paid cash or its equivalent.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CEDED INDIAN LANDSĀ Ā Ā Ā ā Public lands, Indian tribal title to which was relinquished to the United States by the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Indians on condition that part or all of the proceeds from their sale or other disposition would be covered in the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Treasury in trust for the Indians.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CEMETERY-SITE ENTRYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A cash entry of public lands which are to be used for cemetery purposes.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CENTERLINEĀ Ā Ā ā The line connecting opposite corresponding quarter corners or opposite subdivision-of-section
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā corners or their theoretical positions. Applied to a street, right of way or any other strip of land of uniform width
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ācenterlineāĀ defines the line midway between the side lines of said strip. See END LINE, SIDE LINE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CERTIFICATE OF APPROVALĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A written statement certifying that the field notes of a cadastral survey have been
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā critically examined and found correct, and are thereby approved. It is a statement that follows, and is a part of the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā same document as, aĀ ācertificate of survey.āĀ Ā It is dated and signed by the Chief, Division of Cadastral Survey. See
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY and CERTIFICATE OF TRANSCRIPT.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCEĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā See FINAL CERTIFICATE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CERTIFICATE OF SURVEYĀ Ā Ā Ā ā A document containing a statement dated and signed by a cadastral surveyor to the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā effect that a survey has been executed in strict conformity with the special instructions, the Manual of Instructions,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā and in the specific manner described in the field notes with which it is filed. See CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā and CERTIFICATE OF TRANSCRIPT.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CERTIFICATE OF TRANSCRIPTĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A statement dated and signed by the Chief, Division of Cadastral Surveys as to
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā the accuracy of the transcript of the original field notes of a particular survey. The certificate is a part of the same
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā document as theĀ ācertificate of surveyāĀ and theĀ ācertificate of approval.āĀ See CERTIFICATE OF SURVEY,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CERTIFICATIONĀ Ā Ā ā The act of final approval of a State selection by the Director of the BLM; also, the document
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā which passes title to the selected lands to the State; also, a document which attests to the truth or authenticity of
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā papers attached to it.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CERTIORARIĀ Ā Ā ā A written instruction issued by a higher court to a lower court requiring the records of a trial be
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā submitted for review or inquiry. If such higher court finds no reason to re-examine the records based on arguments
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā submitted by attorneys, the ruling of the court isĀ āCertiorari denied.ā
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CESSION OF PUBLIC DOMAINĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā See ORIGINAL PUBLIC DOMAIN ACQUISITIONS.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHAINĀ ā The unit of length prescribed by law for the survey of the public lands of the United States. The chain is
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā equivalent to 66 feet or 4 rods, poles or perches. 10 square chains equals one acre.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHAININGĀ ā The operation of measuring a distance on the earth, using a chain or tape. The corresponding operation,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā in private surveys, is taping.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHAINMENĀ Ā Ā ā Those who measure and record the distances in chaining.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHAIN OF TITLEĀ Ā ā A term applied metaphorically to the series of conveyances, or other forms of alienation,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā affecting a particular parcel of land, arranged consecutively from the Government or original source of title down to
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā the present holder, each of the instruments included being terms aĀ ālink.ā
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHANCERYĀ Ā Ā ā See EQUITY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHANNEL (T. R. No. 4)Ā ā 1) A natural or artificial waterway of perceptible extent which either periodically or
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā continuously contains moving water, or which forms a connecting link between two bodies of water; 2) The part of a
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā body of water deep enough to be used for navigation through an area otherwise too shallow for navigation; 3) A
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā large strait, as the English Channel; 4) The deepest portion of a stream, bay, or strait through which the main volume
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā or current of water flows. See CHANNEL, MAIN; GRADIENT BOUNDARY; THALWEG; RULE OF
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā THALWEG.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHANNEL, MAINĀ Ā Ā ā As called for as a boundary between Nations or States, theĀ āmain channelāĀ of a navigable stream
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā refers to the deepest and most navigable channel as it existed at the time the boundary was surveyed. In the Red
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā River case of Oklahoma vs. Texas in 1923 (260 US 606, 261 US 340, 265 US 493), which involved a non-navigable
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā river, the Supreme Court of the United States declared by unprecedented action that the Texas-Oklahoma boundary
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā was to be determined by a medial line between gradient lines on each bank. It was decided thatĀ āā¦ channel
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā extending from one cut-bank to the other, which carries the water in times of a substantial flowā¦ was the only real
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā channel and therefore the main channel.Ā So its medial line must be what was designated as the boundary.āĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā (Oklahoma vs. Texas, 258US574). If the river had been navigable, theĀ ārule of thalwegāĀ would have applied, but
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā that section of the Red River is, in fact, not navigable. See MEDIAL LINE, RULE OF THALWEG, GRADIENT
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā BOUNDARY, RED RIVER CASE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHICKASAW MERIDIANĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The principal meridian which governs surveys in the northern part of Mississippi; it was
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā established in 1833.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHIEF, DIVISION OF CADASTRAL SURVEYSĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The current title of the BLM officer charged with the survey of
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā the public lands. The title of this officer has changed and evolved over the years since the passage of the Ordinance
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā of May 20, 1785. It has been Geographer of the United States; Surveyor General of the United States; United States
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Supervisor of Surveys; Chief, Branch of Cadastral Surveys and Cadastral Engineering Staff Officer.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHOCKTAW MERIDIANĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā the principal meridian governing surveys in the central part of Mississippi; it was
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā established in 1821.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CHORDĀ Ā ā In surveying and geometry; a straight line joining any two points on an arc, curve, circumference, or surface.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CIMARRON MERIDIANĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The principal meridian which governs surveys in the Oklahoma panhandle; it was
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā established in 1881.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLAIMANTĀ Ā Ā ā An individual, corporation, association, State or local government, etc., asserting title to, or rights in,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā public lands.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLAIM JUMPINGĀ Ā Ā ā Illegally taking possession of a mining claim previously staked by and in legal possession of
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā another. Prior to the passage of statutory laws governing mining claims, claim jumping sometimes took the simple
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā form of staking over another personās claim and then holding it by force. See RELOCATION.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLASSIFICATIONĀ Ā Ā ā Designation of public lands as being valuable or suitable for specific purposes, uses, or
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā resources. See LAND, MINERAL, POWER SITE, and SMALL TRACT.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLASSIFICATION WITHDRAWALĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A withdrawal of public lands which is made pending examination of the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā lands to determine their suitability for certain purposes and for classification for those purposes.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā &nbnbsp;Ā Ā Ā CLEAR LISTĀ Ā ā A selected list of public lands which has been prepared for approval by the Secretary of the Interior or
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā the Director of the Bureau of Land Management; also, an official statement from an interested Federal agency or
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā official which indicates that no apparent objection exists to a proposed action with respect to public lands.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLEAR LIST, APPROVEDĀ Ā Ā Ā ā An approved clear list or certification is used to convey legal title to lands under certain
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā grants made by Congress. An approved clear list conveys a fee-simple title to public lands identified in a selection
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā list made by a State and approved by the Bureau of Land Management.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLINOMETERĀ Ā Ā ā A hand held instrument used to measure vertical angles or the inclination of a slope. Also called an
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Abney Level.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLOSED LAND STATESĀ Ā Ā Ā ā The public-land states in which records have been turned over to the State except for the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā State of Washington wherein the records are kept in Portland, Oregon, viz., Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Illinois,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLOSING CORNERĀ Ā Ā Ā ā A corner established where a survey line intersects a previously fixed boundary at a point
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā between corners. The closing corner is located by law at the actual point of intersection without regard to its
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā monumented location. See CLOSING SUBDIVISION OF SECTION CORNER, CLOSING TOWNSHIP
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORNER, CROSSING CLOSING CORNER.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLOSING ERRORĀ Ā Ā ā See MISCLOSURE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLOSING SUBDIVISION-OF-SECTION CORNERĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A corner set where a subdivision of section line closes on a
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā State, reservation, grant or private claim boundary or on some other previously established survey which is irregular
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā as to plan.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLOSING TOWNSHIP CORNERĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā 1) The point of intersection of a guide meridian or a range line with a previously
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā fixed standard parallel or base line. 2) The point of intersection of any township or range line with a previously fixed
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā boundary at a point between previously established corners.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLOSUREĀ Ā ā The process of measurement in a closed figure for a check on horizontal or vertical precision. See
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLOSURE*.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CLOUD ON TITLEĀ Ā Ā ā An outstanding claim or encumbrance which, if valid, would affect or impair the title of the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā owner of a particular estate. A mortgage judgment or tax levy may in some cases constitute a cloud on title.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COAL DECLARATORY STATEMENTĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā An affidavit filed by a claimant under now obsolete laws, describing
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā lands known to contain coal deposits. The filing segregated the lands. A Cash Entry patent was issued, giving the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā surface and the minerals to the patentee.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COAL ENTRYĀ Ā Ā ā A cash entry, under laws now repealed, covering public lands which contain valuable coal deposits
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā or covering such coal deposits only.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COAL LANDSĀ Ā Ā ā Surveyed public lands chiefly valuable for their deposits of coal.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COAL LICENSEĀ Ā Ā ā An authorization to mine coal on the public lands free of charge for local domestic use.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COASTĀ ā The zone of land of indefinite width (perhaps 1 to 3 miles) that extends inland from the shore to the first
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā major change in terrain features. See BEACH, BACKSHORE, FORESHORE, SHORE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COASTAL SALT MARSHĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A marsh located along or near the sea coast, the surface of which lies below the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā elevation of mean high water. See SWAMP, SWAMP AND OVERFLOWED LANDS, MARSH, TIDELANDS.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COASTLINEĀ Ā ā Technically, the line that forms the boundary between the coast and the shore and marks the seaward
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā limit of the permanently exposed coast. The U.S.C.&G.S. (now N.O.S.) uses the wordsĀ ācoastlineāĀ andĀ āshorelineā
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā as synonymous and defines these as being the mean high water line. In the Submerged Lands Act, 43 U.S.C.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 1301(c):Ā āThe term ācoast lineā means the line of ordinary low water along that portion of the coast which is in
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā direct contact with the open sea and the line marking the seaward limit of inland waters.āĀ Ā When using the term
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ācoastlineāĀ the user should specify what line is intended. See BEACH, SHORE, SHORE LINE, FORESHORE,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā BACKSHORE, MEAN HIGH WATER, TIDELANDS, INLAND WATERS.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CODICILĀ ā A supplement or an addition to a will.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COLLATERAL EVIDENCEĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Additional or auxiliary evidence. Accompanying or acting as secondary evidence.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Evidence which supports or reinforces evidence already in hand. See EVIDENCE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COLLATERAL EVIDENCE (CADASTRAL SURVEY)Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Such things as acts and testimony of interested
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā landowners, competent surveyors, other qualified local authorities or some acceptable record evidence that may be
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā used along with other evidence in identifying the true original position of a corner.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COLOR OF TITLEĀ Ā Ā ā If a claim to a piece of real property is based upon some written instrument, although a
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā defective one, the person is said to haveĀ ācolor of title.āĀ A claim which has as its basis that which the law considers
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā prima facie a good title, but which, by reason of some defect not appearing on its face, is not in fact a title. Federal
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā withdrawn land is not subject to the Color-of-Title Act. See COLOR-OF-TITLE ACT, COLOR-OF-TITLE
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ENTRY, and PRIMA FACIE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COLOR-OF-TITLE ACTĀ Ā Ā Ā - The Act of December 22, 1928 (43 U.S.C., sec. 1068), as amended. Under the terms of
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā and provisions of this act, a patent may be issued for a parcel of not more than 160 acres of public lands. The land
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā must have been possessed in good faith by a claimant, his ancestors or grantors for a period of more than 20 years.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā See ADVERSE POSSESSION, COLOR OF TITLE, COLOR-OF-TITLE ENTRY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COLOR-OF-TITLE ENTRYĀ Ā Ā Ā ā A cash entry made by an entryman relying upon erroneous evidence of title. The
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Color-of-Title Act provides for this type of entry. However, land attaching to Federal withdrawn land by accretion
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā becomes withdrawn and is not public land subject to color-of-title applications even when later separated from the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā withdrawn land by avulsions. See COLOR OF TITLE, ACCRETION, AVULSION, COLOR OF TITLE ACT, and
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā WITHDRAWAL.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COMMISSIONER OF THE GENERAL LAND OFFICEĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The official who was the head of the General Land
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Office. See GENERAL LAND OFFICE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COMMUNITIZATION AGREEMENTĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A contractual arrangement which combines separate land holdings for
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā purposes of drilling for oil and gas.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COMMUNITY WATERSHEDĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā An obsolete term which identified watershed planning areas. An area selected for
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā such study is now simply aĀ āWatershed Area.ā
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COMMUTED HOMESTEAD ENTRYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā For certain classes of homestead entries it was possible to substitute
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā payment of the minimum statutory price for part of another form ofĀ āpaymentāĀ which consisted of residence for a
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā certain number of years and/or other requirements. This substitution of one form of payment for another is called
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā commutation.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COMPASS SURVEYĀ Ā Ā Ā ā A survey, which was executed using the magnetic compass.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COMPASS RULEĀ Ā Ā ā See NON RIPARIAN BROKEN BOUNDARY ADJUSTMENT.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COMPLETION SURVEYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Executed to finish a partially subdivided township or section, or to finish parts of
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā boundaries of townships or sections which are unsurveyed. See EXTENSION SURVEY and COMPLETION*.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONDEMNATIONĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā In real property law, the process by which property of a private owner is taken for public use,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā without his consent, but upon the award of payment of just compensation. It has the nature of a forced sale and the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā condemner has the position toward the owner of a buyer toward a seller.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONFLICTĀ Ā ā 1) The overlap of the exterior lines of a claim onto a prior survey or other senior claim. 2) A variance or
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā disagreement between what is written in the field notes and what is represented on the plat. 3) An apparent
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā disagreement or ambiguity between various parts of the field notes. 4) A different representation on one plat
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā compared to hand drafted copies thereof or compared to plats of adjacent surveys. 5) Any factor in the land status
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā which serves as a bar to approval of an application, particularly an application or entry for similar rights on the same
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā land.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONFLICTING EVIDENCEĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A contradiction or disagreement of the actual ground conditions compared to the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā record, usually regarding topographic calls or characteristics of corner monumentation. See EVIDENCE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONFLICTING TESTIMONYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A contradiction or ambiguity of facts, evidence, or statements made previously or
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā made by other witnesses. See TESTIMONY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONFLUENCEĀ Ā Ā Ā ā Literally, flowing together. The joining of two or more streams of water. Considering two major
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā streams, the precise point of confluence is where the flow direction of water along the thread of the smaller stream
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā reasonably parallels and joins the flow in the larger stream. In field notes the point where the thread of a smaller
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā non-meandered stream crosses the meander line of the larger stream is the confluence.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONFORMED ENTRYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Used in independent resurveys to indicate that an entry according to the original survey
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā agrees with the subdivisional lines of the resurvey, or that the entryman will accept the subdivisional lines of the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā resurvey as properly locating his claim.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONNECTED SHEETSĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Sometimes calledĀ āConnection Sheets,āĀ they are diagrams drawn from the official record
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā on a section by section basis, but with peripheral overlap between diagrams. In this way the continuous relationship
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā between irregular land line conditions, particularly mining claims, is shown. These diagrams are not official
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā documents; they are a working index tool of the Bureau of Land Management.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONNECTING LINEĀ Ā Ā Ā ā 1) A survey line connecting one survey to another. Generally used on the older plats and in
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā mineral surveys. 2) A line calculated from beginning to end of a traverse.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATESĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia; all of the States
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā which have common boundaries and are not separated by foreign territory or the high seas. The United States,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. See CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTESTĀ Ā ā To make defense to an adverse claim in a court of law; to oppose, resist, or dispute the case made by a
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā plaintiff. To strive to win or hold; to controvert, litigate, challenge; to defend, as a suit or other proceeding.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTIGUOUS LANDĀ Ā Ā Ā ā Generally speaking, two parcels of land having a common boundary line. See CORNER
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTIGUITY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTINENTAL CONGRESSĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Either of two assemblies of representatives from American colonies during the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Revolutionary period. The first of these was held in 1774 to express grievances against British colonial policy; the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā second convened in 1775, created the Continental Army, issued the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Articles of Confederation (1778). It operated as the legislative body of the United States for several years.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTINENTAL DIVIDEĀ Ā Ā Ā ā The ridge in the Rocky Mountain system which divides the waters of the continent.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTINENTAL SHELFĀ Ā Ā Ā ā The part of a continental mass extending from the shore outward beneath the shallow seas
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā to the continental talus where the bottom slopes down rapidly to the ocean depths. See CONTINENTAL SHELF*.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTINENTAL UNITED STATESĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Includes the Conterminous United States and the State of Alaska. Hawaii
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā alone of the 50 States is not a part of the continental of North America. See CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTOUR*.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTRACTĀ Ā Ā ā A binding legal relationship obligating the seller to furnish personal property or nonpersonal services
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā (including construction) and the buyer to pay for them. Contracts include all types of commitments obligating the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Government to an expenditure of funds, and are usually in writing.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTRACT ADMINISTRATIONĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The activities involved in enforcing the terms of the contract, and in carrying
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā out the Governmentās responsibilities as stated in the contract.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTRACTING OFFICERĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The employee delegated contracting authority who signs a contract in behalf of the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Government.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTRACTING OFFICERāS AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVEĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The employee designated in writing by the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Contracting officer to provide contract administrative services.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTRACT SYSTEMĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The contracting of the public land surveys. Between 1796 and 1910 the public land surveys
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā were executed by deputy surveyors who had entered into contracts with the Surveyors General for the performance
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā of the field work and preparation of the field notes of the surveys. See DIRECT SYSTEM OF SURVEYS.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTROL DOCUMENTĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Any legal document which affects the ownership or use of the public lands and resources.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā See LAND STATUS RECORDS, PATENT.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTROL DOCUMENT INDEXĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A reference file consisting of microphotographic copies of legal documents
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā mounted in aperture tabulating cards arranged by State, meridian and township. See LAND STATUS RECORDS,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTROL DOCUMENTS, SERIAL REGISTERS.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTROL, GEODETICĀ Ā Ā Ā ā A system of monumented stations having known, precise positions established by
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā geodetic methods. See CONTROL SURVEY CLASSIFICATION*.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTROL LINESĀ Ā Ā ā The primary control of the public land surveys of the United States consists of base lines,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā standard parallels (correction lines), principal meridians and guide meridians. Among field surveyors a control line
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā is a survey line to the nearest identified corner in directions necessary for restoration of a corner. See
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā OUTBOUNDARIES.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTROLLING BOUNDARIESĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā See OUTBOUNDARIES.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTROVERTEDĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Disputed; denied; opposed or contested.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONVEYĀ Ā ā The act of deeding or transferring title to another.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONVEYANCEĀ Ā Ā Ā ā In real property law, a transfer of legal title to land. An instrument, such as a deed, by which
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā interest in real property is created or by which title to real property is transferred from grantor to grantee.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COORDINATESĀ Ā Ā ā A set of numbers used in specifying the location of a point.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COORDINATE SYSTEMĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A mathematically defined method for specifying the locations of points. Distances or
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā angles from suitable references locate the points within the system. See STATE COORDINATE SYSTEMS,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā STATE PLANE COORDINATES, GEODETIC COORDINATES, UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSAL MERCATOR,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES, PLANE COORDINATES, SPHERICAL COORDINATES.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COOS BAY EXCHANGEĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā See O&C EXCHANGE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COOS BAY HOMESTEAD ENTRYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A homestead entry, not exceeding 160 acres, on Coos Bay Wagon Road lands
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā which are agricultural in character.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COOS BAY WAGON ROAD LANDSĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Public lands in western Oregon which were granted to the State of Oregon to
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā aid in the construction of the Coos Bay Military Wagon Road, but which were later forfeited and returned to the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Federal Government by reconveyance. See OREGON AND CALIFORNIA REVESTED LANDS
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ADMINISTRATION.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COPPER RIVER MERIDIANĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The principal meridian governing surveys in the southeastern part of Alaska; it was
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā adopted in 1905.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COPPERWELDĀ Ā Ā Ā ā A brand-name for a copper coated steel rod with a brass cap which may be authorized for use in
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā monumentation of corners in certain areas where the use of a regulation iron post is not practical.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORNERĀ Ā ā A point on the surface of the earth, determined by the surveying process, which defines an extremity on a
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā boundary of the public lands. See CLOSING CORNER, CLOSING TOWNSHIP CORNER, DOUBLE CORNER,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā EXISTENT CORNER, FOUND CORNER, LOST CORNER, MEANDER CORNER, OBLITERATED CORNER,
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā QUARTER-SECTION CORNER, SECTION CORNER, SIXTEENTH-SECTION CORNER, STANDARD
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORNER, TOWNSHIP CORNER, WITNESS CORNER. Also see MONUMENT.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORNER ACCESSORIESĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Nearby physical objects to which corners are referenced for their future identification or
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā restoration. accessories include bearing trees, mounds, pits, ledges, rocks and other natural features to which
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā distances or directions (or both) from the corner or monument are known. Such accessories are actually a part of the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā monumentation. See BEARING TREE, BEARING OBJECT, MOUNDS AND PITS and LANDMARK.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORNER CONTIGUITYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā When parcels of land or mining claims have angle points (corners) in common ā though
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā they do not share a common boundary line ā they are said to haveĀ ācorner contiguity.ā
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORNER DESCRIPTIONĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā The specific data (both old and new) about a corner monument and its accessories which
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā include marks, positions, and physical characteristics. Corner monument markings ā letters, numerals, lines, grooves
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā or notches used to mark corner monuments. The markings usually indicate the location of the corner.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORNER MOVEĀ Ā Ā Ā ā The computed directions and distances FROM a temporary point TO the true point for a corner as
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā computed from the retracement data. See RANDOM LINE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORNER OF MAXIMUM CONTROLĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A section corner of maximum control fixes the position of, or controls, the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā position of four sections; likewise, a township corner of maximum control, controls four townships. A quarter-
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā section corner of maximum control, controls the subdivision of two sections. See CORNER OF MINIMUM
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CONTROL.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORNER OF MINIMUM CONTROLĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A section corner of minimum control fixes the position of, or controls less
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā than four sections; likewise, a township corner of minimum control, controls less than four townships. A quarter-
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā section corner of minimum control fixes the subdivisions of one section only.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORPOREAL PROPERTYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Property which may be seen and touched, as distinguished from incorporeal property
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā which exists only in contemplation. A house is corporeal, but annual rent which may be payable for its occupation
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā by another is incorporeal. See INCORPOREAL.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORRECTION LINEĀ Ā Ā Ā ā See STANDARD PARALLEL.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORRECTIVE RESURVEYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A survey made to correct an erroneous omission of original corner evidence
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā discovered after a survey has been approved.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORRESPONDING CORNERSĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Opposite, like corners of a subdivisional unit which control the subdivision of that
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā unit.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CORROBORATING EVIDENCEĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā Evidence supplementary to that already given and tending to strengthen or
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā confirm it. Additional evidence of a different character to the same point. see COLLATERAL EVIDENCE and
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COLLATERAL EVIDENCE (CADASTRAL SURVEY).
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COUNTRY ROCKĀ Ā Ā Ā ā The rock beyond the walls of a lode. The strata between or across which the lode is found.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COURSEĀ Ā ā In surveying; the direction of a line with reference to a meridian; also, the direction of flow of the water in
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā a stream. See BEARING.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COURTHOUSE-SITE RESERVEĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A reservation of public lands in Alaska in territorial days for use as a Territorial
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Courthouse site.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COURTS OF CHANCERYĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā See COURTS OF EQUITY.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā COURTS OF EQUITYĀ Ā Ā Ā ā Courts which administer justice according to the system of equity, and according to the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā rules, principles and procedures of chancery; as distinguished from a court having the jurisdiction, rules, principles
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā and practice of the common law. The termsĀ āchanceryāĀ andĀ āequityāĀ andĀ ācourt of chanceryāĀ andĀ ācourt of
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā equityāĀ are used as synonymous in the United States, probably because the jurisdiction exercised by courts of equity
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā is similar to that of the English chancery courts. In some States, courts called chancery courts possess general equity
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā powers.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CROSSCUTĀ Ā ā Something that cuts across or through. Specifically: a mine working driven horizontally and at right
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā angles to an adit, drift or level.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CROSSING CLOSING CORNERĀ Ā Ā Ā Ā ā A term used to describe a corner set where a township or section line intersects
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā (crosses) the line of a surveyed mineral claim, forest claim or the like. Crossing closing corner monuments are
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā usually not set at these intersections unless such corners are required to provide an interval of monumentation of at
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā least one-half mile. In instances where they may be required for operational or litigation purposes they will be
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā provided for in the Special Instructions.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CURATIVE PATENTĀ Ā Ā Ā ā See PATENT, CURATIVE.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CURTESYĀ Ā ā The right which a husband has in his wifeās estate at her death. The state to which by common law a man
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā is entitled, on the death of his wife, in the lands or tenements of which she is seised in possession in fee-simple or in
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā tail during her coverture, provided they have had lawful issue born alive which might be capable of inheriting the
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā estate. It is a freehold estate for the term of his natural life. See DOWER.
Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā CUTĀ ā In mining, a surface opening in the ground intersecting a vein. See CUT*.
Thoughts