July 27, 2011By: Eric Gakstatter

Survey Scene, Late July 2011

Okay, folks, this is where the rubber meets the road. The FCC public comment period ends this Saturday (July 30). If you use GPS at all, it would be very wise to
submit your comments today. Don't
expect the FCC to make a rational decision. There's a lot of money and
political influence in LightSquared's camp and those can dwarf
engineering/technical arguments even if they are overwhleming. The best weapon
the GPS user community has is sheer numbers, but we aren't showing up!

To date (July 27), only 1,896 comments have been submitted. That's not even close to being enough to get the FCC's attention, and many of those are aviation and
geocaching. Also, you see the politically connected comments (chiefs of police,
mayors, state legislators, etc.) are largely in support of LightSquared. That's
because LightSquared is mobilizing its political influence machine. 

Submitting your comments to the FCC only takes five minutes. You don't need to write an essay. Here's what you need to make the FCC aware of:

1.        What you (or the organization you work for) use GPS for.

2.        How much (approximately) your organization has invested in GPS equipment/software. 

3.        How much your organization (business or public entity) depends on GPS.

4.        How it would affect your organization (business or public entity) if GPS was interfered with.

If you are worried about not getting approval in time from your department, etc, just keep your comments generic and don't mention your organization name. The
value is the story you tell about how important GPS is to you and your
organization, not the specific names. 

I suggest composing your comments in a word processor (Word, WordPad, Notepad, etc.) first, then copy/paste to the FCC form so you don't lose your work in
case something goes sideways with the FCC website while you are typing. 

Here are simple instructions to submit your comments:

1.        Go to the FCC comment submission website by clicking here. 

2.        Type in the following information:

• Proceeding Number: 11-109
• Name of Filer: Enter your name
• Address Line 1: Enter your street address
• City: Enter your city
• State: Enter your state
• Zip: Enter your zip code
• Type in or paste your brief comments: Copy/paste your comments

That's it. Five minutes and you're done. 

DO NOT assume the Department of Defense, Department of Transportation, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NITA) or
other organizations that have submitted comments will save the day. They are
interested in only protecting their own turf, not yours. I still hear people saying,
"The FCC will never let this happen because the Department of Defense or
DOT will stop them." If that was the case, this would have stopped months
ago. The further along this goes, the more the following statement rings true
(that I wrote back in May): 

"The military is going to be accommodated in the name of national security. The aviation industry is going to be accommodated in the name of safety-of-life. The auto navigation industry
is going to be accommodated because they are high-profile. The high-precision
user is going to be thrown under the bus because we are the most difficult to
accommodate (technically) and don’t have a high profile nor are perceived as
significant enough to accommodate."

LightSquared's latest proposal is to begin using its lower frequency spectrum (1526-1536MHz) first. The departments of Defense, Transportation, and NTIA may bite on this as
a compromise for LightSquared's "good faith effort." LightSquared
says this new plan will accomodate all but 0.5% of GPS receivers. To the FCC,
it appears like LightSquared is bending over backwards because they've
accommodated 99.5% of all GPS receivers. If you didn't know any better, you'd
be impressed, too! The problem for you is that the remaining 0.5% of the GPS
receivers are your RTK and high-precision GPS receivers that you've spent tens
of thousands of your money to purchase! LightSquared's solution is to have you
purchase new equipment. 

If you're interested in reading my comments to the FCC, the following is what I'm submitting to the FCC today. Feel free to copy/paste parts you agree with and
incorporate them into your comments if you choose. 

July 27, 2011

Eric Gakstatter

Editor - GPS World magazine Survey Scene enewsletter

Editor - Geospatial Solutions

High-precision GPS Consultant

PO Box 663

West Linn, OR 97068

Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary

Federal Communications Commission

445 12th Street SW

Washington, DC  20554

Re: IB Docket No. 11-109

Dear Ms. Dortch, 

I have serious concerns about LightSquared’s proposal for a nationwide 4G LTE system. I’m afraid that neither LightSquared nor the FCC fully understand the
impact of LightSquared’s proposed system on GPS receivers, America’s small
businesses, and America's economy. 

As a Contributing Editor to GPS World magazine, my specialty
is high-precision GPS receivers, of which I’ve been involved with for more than
20 years as a product developer, power user, and consultant. I’m in touch with
tens of thousands of high-precision GPS users from around the world through my
newsletter articles (bi-weekly), webinars, and my attendance at technical
conferences. I consider myself and I’m considered by others to be an advocate
for the high-precision GPS community. 

Hundreds of thousands of high-precision GPS receivers in the U.S. are used across many market segments including civil/environmental engineering, construction, land
surveying, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), agriculture, forestry,
road/rail/airport, hydrography, environmental, water/gas/electric/oil/telecom
utilities, mining, bridge/dam monitoring, emergency management, defense &
intelligence, higher education, and all levels of Fed/State/Local
government. 

To illustrate, allow me to describe some examples of how high-precision GPS is being used. 

In road construction, high-precision GPS offers a 5-to-1 efficiency advantage over legacy construction equipment. Can you imagine the delays if road construction
projects took five times longer to complete? California’s Department of
Transportation (CALTRANS) currently has 846 construction projects ongoing with
construction costs of ~$10.5 billion. High-precision GPS receivers are a
critical component of these projects. Projects such as the widening project
pictured below, are completed way ahead of schedule. For this reason, CALTRANS
has invested in 250 high-precision GPS receivers valued at ~$5 million
(~$20,000 per receiver). 

It’s not just large, high-precision GPS receiver deployments that matter. GPS also keeps the public safe. 

In Florida, the 5.5 mile Sunshine Skyway Bridge spanning Tampa Bay has five high-precision GPS receivers permanently mounted on it so engineers can monitor
the health of the structure. On an annual basis, more than 18 million vehicles
travel over the bridge. High-precision GPS is a core technology that ensures
the safety of those 18 million vehicles.

It’s not just thousands of public entities that are invested in high-precision GPS technology. Tens of thousands of U.S. small businesses rely on high-precision
GPS technology in their daily operations. 

A small land surveying firm owner in Virginia says:

"I have relied on GPS for survey grade data for at least 15 years. We use GPS every day for all projects. If GPS becomes unavailable or unreliable it will just about put us
out of business. Our $500,000 investment would become worthless."

A four-person agricultural drainage firm owner states:

"I am president of a small business that relies solely on high accuracy GPS. We do GPS Ag drainage (I and three other employees) we set a base on site all over the state because
close proximity RTK correction is the only way to get the vertical accuracy
required to do what we do.  Any GPS interference immediately closes my
business and puts four people out of work."

Another small land surveying firm says:

"High-precision GPS allows us to obtain measurements between monuments which are miles apart to control land boundaries … in a couple of hours that 20 years ago would required
20 to 30 hours of field crew time. The change in technology comes with our
investment of approximately $100,000 which is very significant for a small firm
like ours. If we are to wake up here in the next year and find our equipment
useless for high-precision GPS, the effects would be devastating to us and our
clients in both private development and public infrastructure."

Finally, high-precision GPS users rely on a complex infrastructure of 7,000+ high-precision, fixed-mount GPS base stations deployed nationwide. The
infrastructure began with a few receivers in the early 1990s and has been built
upon over the past 18 years by the GPS user community volunteering time, money,
equipment, and expertise. It would be impossible to replace all of these
receivers since the ownership is so disparate. Many are publicly owned and
the rest are commercially owned by businesses and used by people in all the
market segments I listed above. To illustrate, one such network consisting of more
than 875 high-precision GPS receivers is located in the western United States
managed by UNAVCO, a university-governed consortium which is sponsored by the
National Science Foundation (NSF), National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 

UNAVCO uses this massive network of high-precision GPS receivers to, among other things, monitor the earth’s crustal plate movement (think earthquake
montoring). 

Another type of high-precision GPS network is called an RTK network. It delivers real-time, high-precision corrections to engineers, surveyors, Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) specialists, construction specialists, and others.
This particular network, owned by Keystone Precision Instruments, consists of
178 fixed-mount, high-precision GPS receivers and delivers high-precision GPS
corrections to users in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Delaware,
New Jersey, Connecticut, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire,
and Maine. 

Like the UNAVCO network, the Keystone Precision Instrument RTK Network is a multi-million dollar investment in high-precision GPS infrastructure.

Recommendations

I’m grateful for this 30-day public comment period as I think it will give the FCC and LightSquared a new perspective on the impact that disrupting high-precision
GPS receivers would have on the GPS user community and America's economy. 

Although I’m in favor of a nationwide 4G LTE system, I’m opposed to LightSquared’s proposed plan for the following reasons:

1. The GPS user community knew this was coming and chose to do nothing. This is false. Contrary to what LightSquared asserts, the GPS user community did not know anything about this potential
interference until November 2010. LightSquared and the FCC incorrectly assumed
that communicating/negotiating with the U.S. GPS Industry Council (USGIC) was
the equivalent of communicating/negotiating with the GPS user community. That
is a false assumption. The USGIC does not communicate directly with the GPS
user community and never has. That’s not its role. I’ve been personally
involved in the high-precision GPS industry for 20+ years and writing a monthly
newsletter on high-precision GPS technology for GPS World magazine for the past five years. I
attend almost every major GPS conference and high-precision GPS market segment
conference in the U.S. and some abroad. The first I’d heard about the
LightSquared interference issue was November 2010. 

Furthermore, there is a clear precedent already set that demonstrates how to handle a case very similar to the current LightSquared situation. In 2008, the U.S. Air Force
proposed to discontinue supporting the semicodeless technique that is used by
virtually every civilian L1/L2 high-precision GPS receiver in existence. It was
the first time in history that an action would render several hundred thousand
high-precision GPS receivers obsolete, a scale which is very similar to the
impact of the LightSquared system.

There was no industry coalition formed to engage the Air Force. There was no industry outcry. A public/private technical working group was not formed to test the
effects on receivers if semicodeless was not supported. Why is that?

The answer is very simple. The U.S. Air Force, to its credit, did a fantastic job of communicating directly with the GPS user community along with the Department
of Commerce. It issued public statements describing the impact the action would
have on high-precision GPS receivers. 

The U.S. Air Force did its homework. At the end of the day, it set a sunset date of December 31, 2020, to discontinue supporting the semicodeless technique. It
correctly determined that 12 years is about the amount of time that would allow
a smooth transition with a manageable financial impact to the high-precision
GPS user community. 

Imagine if the U.S. Air Force had set a period of one year to transition away from using the semicodeless technique. That action would have destroyed the
high-precision GPS user community resulting in billions of dollars in losses
and widespread small business closure. Fortunately, they did their homework,
understood the impact, and made the correct decision. 

LightSquared, on the other hand, either didn’t do its homework or intentionally kept quiet in order to fly under the radar and push its initiative through before the GPS
user community (and others) knew what was happening. In either case, the GPS
user community shouldn’t be held accountable in paying for the FCC’s and
LightSquared’s lack of communication/notification.

2. The FCC needs to consider future GPS signals as well as satellite signals from other satellite navigation systems. The FCC needs to investigate the effect of the LightSquared system on the future GPS L1C signal
as well as GLONASS L1 (Russia), Galileo L1 (Europe), and Compass L1 (Chinese)
to understand the effect on receivers of today and of the future. GPS L1C,
Galileo L1, and Compass L1 all use wider bandwidth than today’s GPS L1, which
makes them even more susceptible to interference from LightSquared’s
system. 

L1 and L5 are the GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and Compass signals of the future. Those signals will drive hundreds of billions of dollars in revenue because they will
bring high-precision accuracy to our everyday lives, which is something only
available on very expensive GPS receivers today. 

Again, precedence has been set. Look at what happened to GPS navigation after Selective Availability (SA) was turned off in May 2000. Overnight, GPS accuracy
improved from 100 meters to 10 meters, and subsequently the multi-billion
dollar market for GPS automobile navigation devices was launched. Companies
like TomTom grew from zero revenue to multi-billion dollar corporations. 

The same is expected to happen again when mainstream GPS accuracy improves from 10 meters to well under a meter using the L1 and L5 signals, but that will only
occur if the GPS L1, GLONASS L1, Galileo L1, and Compass L1 signals are
protected. Some say that L2 can be used instead of L1 in the future. While
that’s true for GPS, L1 and L5 have become the international standard while L2
is not supported by the international community. 

3. LightSquared mobile devices are potentially portable GPS jammers. The FCC needs to seriously investigate the interference impact of LightSquared mobile handsets (1626.5-1660.5 Mhz) on GPS receivers. It
is already known that Inmarsat (1626.5-1660.5 MHz) devices and Iridium
(1616-1626.5 MHz) devices interfere with each other, but Iridium devices are
only used in remote areas so it’s not a widespread problem. It is also known
that these devices interfere with the GLONASS L1 signal (1597-1605 MHz). We
don’t know the extent of the effect that LightSquared mobile devices will have
on GLONASS L1, GPS L1, Galileo L1, or Compass L1 signals. The problem is that
no LightSquared mobile phones are available to test. Yes, lab simulations can
be performed, but LightSquared devices will be made in Asia, among other
places, where the designers won’t care one bit about GPS interference. There is
not an acceptable design margin, if any, to allow for sloppy LightSquared
device designs. 

The consequence of LightSquared mobile devices interfering with GPS L1, GLONASS L1, Galileo L1, and Compass L1 is hard to imagine and might be worse than
interference from the 40,000 LightSquared towers. Although the LightSquared
mobile devices are much lower power (2-3 watts vs. 1,500 watts), LightSquared
has announced they intend to deploy more than 250 million mobile devices, which
could behave like portable GPS jammers. 

Please pay attention this important technical issue that many have chose to ignore.

4. LightSquared needs to permanently abandon using the upper frequency spectrum (1545-1555 MHz) for terrestrial broadcasting. The idea of LightSquared using its licensed upper frequency spectrum (1545-1555 MHz) for terrestrial purpose needs to be
permanently abandoned. It’s clear from the test results that this causes
widespread GPS interference no matter which class of GPS is used.

Finally, I would like to emphasize that the GPS user community should bear no cost as a result of any interference from LightSquared’s system. The GPS user community was blindsided in November 2010.
While you can debate whether about the communication between the FCC,
MSV/Skyterra/LightSquared, and the U.S. GPS Industry Council, no case can be
made that the GPS user community knew of MSV/Skyterra/LightSquared's intentions
earlier than late last year, yet the FCC and LightSquared expect the GPS user community
to bear the cost of interference caused by LightSquared's system?

Furthermore, far too little testing has been completed in order to fully understand the impact of LightSquared’s system on GPS receivers. Yes, we have a rough idea of
the scale of interference from the test reports submitted in June 2011, but the devil is in the details. 

Even if LightSquared only uses the licensed lower spectrum (1526-1536 MHz), as it has proposed as an alternative, the number of high-precision receivers affected
would be at least 200,000 at an estimated replacement cost of $10,000 per unit
which equates to a total equipment replacement cost of $2 billion dollars. That
does not include the cost of removal/installation, lost productivity, required
software upgrades, and training. Does the FCC expect the GPS user community to
bear that cost?

For the above reasons, I recommend that the FCC deny LightSquared’s request to proceed and encourage them to use spectrum outside of the MSS band. The
resources expended by federal/state/local governments and private corporations
to vet LightSquared’s proposal to use the MSS band has run into the tens of
millions of dollars, if not more than a one hundred million dollars. I’m afraid
the cost of further vetting will double or triple the expenditure as well as
result in tremendous opportunity cost as significant resources are expended by
public and commercial entities to continue this debate. 

Thank you for your attention. If you feel that further testimony is needed, I’m more than happy to oblige. 

Sincerely,

/S/ Eric Gakstatter

Eric Gakstatter

Principal – Discovery Management Group LLC

Editor – GPS World Magazine Survey Scene enewsletter

Editor – Geospatial Solutions

PO Box 663

West Linn, OR 97068

Thanks, and see you next time.