tutorial - 📸 Land Surveying Photos - Land Surveyors United - Global Surveying Community2024-03-28T21:14:08Zhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/feed/tag/tutorialTutorial Using CORShttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/cors-bpn2014-05-31T21:48:49.000Z2014-05-31T21:48:49.000ZAgeng Taruna Wahonohttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/AgengTarunaWahono<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206203761?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div>First Time To Using Cors in Sebesi Island for IP4T Activity on that Island.</div>possible instrument errorshttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/possible-instrument-errors2012-04-29T02:35:28.000Z2012-04-29T02:35:28.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206091445?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div>Ideally, the total station should meet the following requirements: a) Line of sight ZZ perpen- dicular to tilting axis KK b) Tilting axis KK perpen- dicular to vertical axis VV c) Vertical axis VV strictly vertical d) Vertical-circle reading precisely zero at the zenith If these conditions are not met, the following terms are used to describe the particular errors: a) Line-of-sight error, or colli- mation error c (deviation from the right angle bet- ween the line of sight and the tilting axis) b) Tilting-axis error a (devia- tion from the right angle between the tilting axis and the vertical axis) c) Vertical-axis tilt (angle between plumb line and vertical axis.
</div>two peg test inspecting line of sighthttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/two-peg-test-inspecting-line-of-sight2012-04-29T02:35:26.000Z2012-04-29T02:35:26.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206091473?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div>In new levels, the com- pensator has been adjusted at room temperature, so that the line of sight is hori- zontal even if the instru- ment is tilted slightly. This situation changes if the temperature fluctuates by more than ten or fifteen degrees, after a long jour- ney, or if the instrument is subjected to strong vibra- tion. It is then advisable to inspect the line of sight, particularly if more than one target distance is being used. 1. In flat terrain, set up two staffs not more than 30 metres apart. 2. Set up the instrument so that it is equidistant from the two staffs (it is enough to pace out the distance) 3. Read off from both staffs and calculate the height difference (illustration above). Staff reading A = 1.549 Staff reading B = 1.404 ∆H = A – B = 0.145 4. Set up the instrument about one metre in front of staff A and take the staff reading (illustration below). Staff reading A = 1.496 5. Calculate the required reading B: Staff reading A = 1.496 - ∆H = 0.145 Required reading B = 1.351 6. Take the staff reading B. If it differs from the required reading by more than 3mm, adjust the line of sight (refer to instruction manual).
</div>line leveling explainedhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/line-leveling-explained2012-04-29T02:35:26.000Z2012-04-29T02:35:26.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206091528?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div>In an excavation, a point B is to be set out at a height ∆H = 1.00 metre below street level (Point A). If the points A and B are widely separated, the height difference between them is determined by line levelling with target distances generally between 30 and 50 metres. Pace out the distances between the instrument and the two staffs; they need to be about the same. 1. Set up the instrument at S1. 2. Set up the staff precisely vertically at point B; read off and record the height (backsight R). 3. Set up the staff at the turning point 1 (ground plate or prominent ground point); read off and record the height (foresight V). 4. Set up the instrument at S2 (the staff remains at the turning point 1). 5. Carefully rotate the staff at the turning point 1 so that it faces the instrument. 6. Read off the backsight and continue. The height difference between A and B is equal to the sum of the backsight and the foresight.
</div>height difference between two pointshttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/height-difference-between-two-points2012-04-29T02:35:25.000Z2012-04-29T02:35:25.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206091451?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div>The height difference is calculated from the difference between the two staff readings for the points A and B respectively.
</div>staking out point heightshttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/staking-out-point-heights2012-04-29T02:35:24.000Z2012-04-29T02:35:24.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206091560?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div>1. Set up the level so that the sighting distances to A and B are about the same. 2. Set up the staff at A and read off the backsight R = 1.305. 3. Set up the staff at B and read off the foresight V = 2.520. The difference h from the required height at B is calculated as: h = V – R - ∆H = 2.520 – 1.305 – 1.00 = +0.215m 4. Drive in a post at B and mark the required height (0.215m above ground level). In another frequently-used method, the required staff reading is calculated in advance: V= R - ∆H = 1.305 - (-1.000) = 2.305 The levelling staff is then moved upwards or down- wards until the required value can be read off with the level.
</div>polar method surveyinghttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/polar-method-surveying2012-04-29T02:35:23.000Z2012-04-29T02:35:23.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206091479?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div>To create e.g. a location plan, the position and height of a point on the object are determined by measuring angles and distances. To do this, the instrument is set up on any prominent point in a local coordinate system. A second prominent point is selected for the purposes of orientation; after this has been targeted the horizontal circle is set to zero (refer to the user manual). If a coordinate system already exists, set up the instrument on a known point within it and line up the horizontal circle with a second known point (refer to the user manual).
</div>plumbing down from a height pointhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/plumbing-down-from-a-height-point2012-04-29T02:35:22.000Z2012-04-29T02:35:22.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206091526?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div>Plumbing down from a height point, plumbing up from a ground point, and inspecting a vertical line on a structure, can be carried out exactly in just one tele- scope face, but only if the telescope describes a pre- cisely-vertical plane when it is tilted. To ascertain that this is so, proceed as follows: 1. Target a high point A, then tilt the telescope downwards and mark the ground point B. 2. Transit the telescope, and repeat the procedure in the second face. Mark the point C. The mid-point between the points B and C is the exact plumbing point. The reason why these two points do not coincide can be a tilting-axis error and/or an inclined vertical axis. For work of this type, make sure that the total station has been levelled up pre- cisely, so that the influence of vertical-axis tilt on steep sights is minimized.
</div>Laserscanning discussionhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/laserscanning-discussion2010-06-07T10:51:39.000Z2010-06-07T10:51:39.000ZAlexander Skripkinhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/AlexanderSkripkin<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1198924507?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div>Sochi. Olympic Games 2014 construction</div>