geography - 📸 Land Surveying Photos - Land Surveyors United - Global Surveying Community2024-03-29T13:46:56Zhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/feed/tag/geographyGeographical Definitions Illustrated 1893https://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/geographical-definitions-illustrated-1893-pictorial-map-poster2021-08-22T20:53:25.000Z2021-08-22T20:53:25.000Z⚡Survenator⌁https://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/Survenator<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/9459631691?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div><p>Geographical Definitions Illustrated 1893</p></div>Map of Aegyptushttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/map-of-aegyptus2013-01-03T02:08:42.000Z2013-01-03T02:08:42.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206126155?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div><p style="font-size: medium; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">While the ancient history of Egypt is both rich and well documented, western interest in the nation of pharoes began primarily with the conquests of Alexander the Great. By the time of Alexander, Persian influence had taken control of Egypt and the power of the eastern nation didn't escape his notice.<br />
<br />
In order to finance his coming expeditions, Alexander crossed first to Egypt crushing what little Persian resistance there was. Taking control with relative ease, and being welcomed for his deliverance from Persian rule, Alexander abruptly altered Egyptian culture that would last for the next 900 years.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: medium; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">He first founded the city of Alexandria to act as a Greek style seat of government for the Nile nation. Many Macedonian and Hellenistic supporters were appointed to various positions of power and a unique social structure of ethnicities began to develop. Greeks and Macedonians occupied the elite status, of which native Egyptians had little to no ability or interest to joing, while they occupied the common classes. Occupying the lower tiers were other outside cultures such as Jews, Nubians and other neighbors.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: medium; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, his conquests began to crumble into factional kingdoms. In Egypt, the Macedonian general Ptolemy I Soter (Saviour) eventually took the throne. He established a dynasty that would last 300 years, until Cleopatra and the age of Caesar. In this time, a successive line of Ptolemic Kings, of Macedonian descent ruled Egypt with varying degrees of success.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: medium; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The early Ptolemies exanded Egyptian and Macedonian influence in the region through various conquests of neighboring territories. Immense wealth was accumulated in the process and Egypt was slowly becoming the power it once was. The Ptolemies also wisely adopted many Egyptian customs while encouraging Greek Hellenism to prosper. By the end of the Ptolemy dyansty, the rulers of Egypt were as much Egyptian in culture as they were Macedonian in ethnicity.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: medium; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Roman contact with the Egyptian state began most likely in the 3rd century BC. Because of Egypts Macedonian ties, there was certainly some diplomacy between the two during the Macedonian Wars against Philip V and his heir Perseus. During the related Syrian War, Philip and the Seleucid King Antiochus III formed an alliance to wrestle away Egyptian concerns in the region. Pressed by this a</span></p>
</div>Map of Germaniahttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/map-of-germania2013-01-03T02:08:40.000Z2013-01-03T02:08:40.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206126084?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Germania</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(Greek: Γερμανία) was the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Greek language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language">Greek</a>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Latin language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language">Roman</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>geographic term for the geographical regions inhabited mainly by peoples considered to be<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Germani" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani">Germani</a></em>. It was most often used to refer especially to the east of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Rhine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine">Rhine</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and north of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Danube" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube">Danube</a>. The areas west of the Rhine were mainly<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Celts" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celts">Celtic</a>(specifically<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Gaulish" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaulish">Gaulish</a>) and had become part of the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Roman Empire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal"></p>
</div>ORBIS-VETERIBUS-NOTUS 1794https://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/orbis-veteribus-notus-17942013-01-03T02:08:37.000Z2013-01-03T02:08:37.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206126000?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div>A 1794 map of the world as large and composite Dramatic Was it known to the Ancients, by JBB D'Anville. Covers all of Europe, Asia Minor, Arabia and India, much of Northern Africa, and parts of Southeast Asia. D'Anville compiled this map from various sources including Ptolemy, Herodotus, Thucydides, and others. In Africa, the author notes various cities from Ptolemy's Geographica, including Rapta, Axum, Garama, and others. Includes the Mountains of the Moon, Lakes of the Nile, and other conjectural destinations. Far in the south a note reads, Aethiopes Anthropophagi, which essentially translates to African Cannibals. In the Far East a number of classical locals are noted, including the island of Taprobana (Celon) and the empires of Southeast Asia. Details mountains, rivers, cities, roadways, and lakes with political divisions highlighted in outline color. Title cartouche appears in a baroque frame in the upper left quadrant. Cartouche is flanked on either side by malignant appearing figure with a telescope and a studious scholar reading a book. Includes eight distance scales, bottom left, referencing various measurement systems common in antiquity. Text in Latin and English. Drawn by JBB D'Anville in 1762 and published in 1794 by Laurie and Whittle, London.
</div>Map of Hispaniahttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/map-of-hispania2013-01-03T02:08:34.000Z2013-01-03T02:08:34.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206126119?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div><p><strong style="color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">Hispania</strong><span style="color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>was the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-color: #ffffff; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Ancient Rome" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome">Roman</a><span style="color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>name for the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-color: #ffffff; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Iberian Peninsula" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a><span style="color: #000000; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">. Under the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a style="text-decoration: initial; color: #0b0080; background-image: none; background-color: #ffffff; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.800000190734863px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-xg-p: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" title="Roman Republic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic">Republic</a></p>
</div>Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography (ebook)https://landsurveyorsunited.com/photo/atlas-of-ancient-and-classical-geography-ebook2013-01-03T02:08:26.000Z2013-01-03T02:08:26.000ZSurveyEarthinaDayhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/SurveyEarthinaDay<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206126162?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div><p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span style="color: blue;"><em>The maps of the Classical Atlas have been scanned at a sufficient resolution to enable easy reading, but they may not display at an appropriate scale, depending on screen size, resolution, and window size; we recommend you use software that allows zooming to view them.</em></span></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span style="color: blue;"><em>The numbers of the maps given in the Index pages are the same as those in the list in the main body of the Atlas, allowing cross-reference.</em></span></p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span style="color: red;"><em>Note that the Latitude and Longitude given in the Index pages are from Greenwich, while the maps, as common with many of the times, have grids with Longitudes given both from Greenwich and Ferro. If you use the latter you won't find your target.</em></span></p>
<hr style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" />
<hr style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" />
<h1 style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">INTRODUCTION</h1>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">THE accompanying Atlas has been included in this series for the greater convenience of the reader of “Grote's Greece” and other works that ask a continual reference to maps of ancient and classical geography. The disadvantage of having to turn perpetually from the text of a volume to a map at its end, or a few pages away, is often enough to prevent the effective use of the one in elucidating the other. Despite some slight variations of spelling in the classical place-names used by different authors, there need be no difficulty in adapting the same Atlas to various works, whether they are English versions of hi</p>
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