Land Surveyors United - Global Surveying Community2024-03-29T05:43:42Zhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/hubs/surveyorscanada/photos/feed/allcanadian surveyinghttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/hubs/surveyorscanada/photos/canadian-surveying2020-05-23T19:37:18.000Z2020-05-23T19:37:18.000Z⚡Survenator⌁https://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/Survenator<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/5282800863?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div><p>How the Surveying Profession works in Canada</p></div>north end of the Second Meridianhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/hubs/surveyorscanada/photos/four-corners-monument-canada2019-12-02T19:23:53.000Z2019-12-02T19:23:53.000ZJustin Farrowhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/justin<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/3751910833?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=220"></div><div><h2 class="section-heading collapsible-heading open-block"><span id="Meridians_and_baselines" class="mw-headline">Meridians and baselines</span><span class="mw-editsection"><a class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element mw-ui-icon-minerva-edit-enabled edit-page mw-ui-icon-flush-right" title="Edit section: Meridians and baselines" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominion_Land_Survey&action=edit&section=2">Edit</a></span></h2>
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<div class="thumbinner"><a class="image" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Four_Corners_monument_(Canada).jpg"><img class="thumbimage image-lazy-loaded" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Four_Corners_monument_%28Canada%29.jpg/220px-Four_Corners_monument_%28Canada%29.jpg" alt="" width="220" height="397" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">This monument marks the <a title="Four corners (Canada)" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_corners_(Canada)">north end</a> of the Second Meridian</div>
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<div class="thumbinner"><a class="image" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lloydminster_border_marker_AB-SK_Canada.jpg"><img class="thumbimage image-lazy-loaded" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Lloydminster_border_marker_AB-SK_Canada.jpg/220px-Lloydminster_border_marker_AB-SK_Canada.jpg" alt="" width="220" height="330" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">A border marker in Lloydminster</div>
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<p>The most important north–south lines of the survey are the <a title="Principal meridian" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_meridian#Canada">meridians</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-western_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_Land_Survey#cite_note-western-9">[9]</a></sup></p>
<ul><li>The First (also Principal or Prime) Meridian at 97°27′28.41″ west,<sup id="cite_ref-larmour_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_Land_Survey#cite_note-larmour-10">[10]</a></sup> just west of <a title="Winnipeg" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, <a title="Manitoba" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba">Manitoba</a>.</li>
<li>The Second Meridian at <a title="102nd meridian west" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/102nd_meridian_west">102° west</a>, which forms the northern part of the Manitoba–<a title="Saskatchewan" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> boundary.</li>
<li>The Third Meridian at <a title="106th meridian west" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/106th_meridian_west">106° west</a>, near <a title="Moose Jaw" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moose_Jaw">Moose Jaw</a> and <a title="Prince Albert, Saskatchewan" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan">Prince Albert, Saskatchewan</a>.</li>
<li>The Fourth Meridian at <a title="110th meridian west" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/110th_meridian_west">110° west</a>, which forms the Saskatchewan–<a title="Alberta" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta">Alberta</a> boundary and bisects <a title="Lloydminster" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloydminster">Lloydminster</a>.</li>
<li>The Fifth Meridian at <a title="114th meridian west" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/114th_meridian_west">114° west</a>, which runs through <a title="Calgary" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary">Calgary</a> (<a title="Barlow Trail" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barlow_Trail">Barlow Trail</a> is built mostly on the meridian) and <a title="Stony Plain, Alberta" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stony_Plain,_Alberta">Stony Plain, Alberta</a> (48th Street).</li>
<li>The Sixth Meridian at <a title="118th meridian west" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/118th_meridian_west">118° west</a>, near <a title="Grande Prairie" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Prairie">Grande Prairie, Alberta</a> and <a title="Revelstoke, British Columbia" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelstoke,_British_Columbia">Revelstoke, British Columbia</a>.</li>
<li>The Seventh Meridian at <a title="122nd meridian west" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/122nd_meridian_west">122° west</a>, between <a title="Hope, British Columbia" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope,_British_Columbia">Hope</a> and <a title="Vancouver" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a title="British Columbia" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia">British Columbia</a>, (Lickman Rd, <a title="Chilliwack" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilliwack">Chilliwack</a> )</li>
<li>The Coast Meridian at approximately 122°45′ West, originally established before British Columbia joined Confederation, was surveyed north from the point where the <a title="49th parallel north" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/49th_parallel_north">49th parallel</a> intersects the sea at <a title="Semiahmoo Bay" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiahmoo_Bay">Semiahmoo Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_Land_Survey#cite_note-taylor-1">[1]</a></sup></li>
</ul><p>The meridians were determined by painstaking survey observations and measurements, and in reference to other benchmarks on the continent, but were determined using 19th century technology. The only truly accurate benchmarks at that time were near the prime meridian in Europe. Benchmarks in other parts of the world had to be calculated or estimated by the positions of the sun and stars. Consequently, although they were remarkably accurate for the time, today they are known to be several hundred metres in error. Before the survey was even completed it was established that for the purposes of laws based on the survey, the results of the physical survey would take precedence over the theoretically correct position of the meridians. This precludes, for example any basis for a <a class="mw-redirect" title="Border dispute" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_dispute">boundary dispute</a> between Alberta and Saskatchewan on account of surveying errors.</p>
<p>The main east–west lines are the <a title="Baseline (surveying)" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseline_(surveying)">baselines</a>. The First Baseline is at <a title="49th parallel north" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/49th_parallel_north">49° north</a>, which forms much of the <a title="Canada–United States border" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border">Canada–United States border</a> in the West. Each subsequent baseline is about 24 miles (39 km) to the north of the previous one,<sup id="cite_ref-larmour_10-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_Land_Survey#cite_note-larmour-10">[10]</a></sup> terminating at <a title="60th parallel north" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/60th_parallel_north">60° north</a>, which forms the boundary with <a title="Yukon" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukon">Yukon</a>, the <a title="Northwest Territories" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, and <a title="Nunavut" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunavut">Nunavut</a>.</p>
</div></div>Canadian Surveyinghttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/hubs/surveyorscanada/photos/canada-surveying2014-10-21T16:47:46.000Z2014-10-21T16:47:46.000ZDon Korzenowskyhttps://landsurveyorsunited.com/surveyors/DonKorzenowsky<div><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1206221630?profile=RESIZE_400x&width=400"></div><div><p>Hudson Bay SK Canada Peat Moss Road construction 2010-2012</p></div>